What are the types of equivalence in translation?
In qualitative there are five types of equivalence; Referential or Denotative, Connotative, Text-Normative, Pragmatic or Dynamic and Textual Equivalence.… show more content… The first type of equivalence is only transferring the word in the Source language that has only one equivalent in the Target language or text.
What are the five types of equivalence according to Koller?
Koller actually proposes five frames for equivalence relations: denotative (based on extra-linguistic factors), connotative (based on way the source text is expressed), text-normative (respecting or changing textual and linguistic norms), pragmatic (with respect to the receiver of the target text) and formal (the …
What is equivalence in translation theory?
When a word or phrase means exactly the same thing in both languages, we call that an equivalence, and it’s understandably one of the first things professional translators look for. This requires a deep understanding of both cultures, not just the language.
What are the four types of equivalence according to Popovic?
Anton Popovic (1976) has identified four broader types of equivalence in translation: linguistic, paradigmatic, stylistic and textual.
How many types of equivalence are there?
Nida argued that there are two different types of equivalence, namely formal equivalence—which in the second edition by Nida and Taber (1982) is referred to as formal correspondence—and dynamic equivalence.
How does equivalence work in translation?
Dynamic equivalence is defined as a translation principle according to which a translator seeks to translate the meaning of the original in such a way that the TL wording will trigger the same impact on the TC audience as the original wording did upon the ST audience.
Who is Vinay and Darbelnet?
Jean-Paul Vinay (18 July 1910 – 10 April 1999) was a French-Canadian linguist. He is considered one of the pioneers in translation studies, along with Jean Darbelnet, with whom Vinay co-authored Stylistique comparée du français et de l’anglais (1958), a seminal work in the field.
What is the problem of equivalence in translation?
In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, the equivalence problem is the question of determining, given two representations of formal languages, whether they denote the same formal language.
Which is Syntagmatic equivalence?
iv) Textual (syntagmatic) equivalence: Similarity in the structure and form of the texts. When it comes to idioms and metaphors, the translator will have to aim for stylistic equivalence where, according to Popovič, there is “functional equivalence of elements in both original and translation” (qtd by Bassnett 25).
What are the four types of equivalence?
The four kinds of equivalence that Popovic talks of – linguistic, paradigmatic, stylistic and textual – are also essentially reader-oriented. Of these, linguistic equivalence or ‘word for word’ translation is not always possible and desirable.
What are the different types of equivalence in translation?
Equivalence is relied on text and its meanings related to specific cultures. Equivalence has a major factor in translation, since it relates between the Source Text (ST) and the Target Text (TT). There are two main types of equivalence; qualitative and quantitative.
Which is a major factor in the translation process?
In translation process, it involves equivalence which is relating the Target Text (TT) from the Source Text (ST). Equivalence is relied on text and its meanings related to specific cultures. Equivalence has a major factor in translation, since it relates between the Source Text (ST) and the Target Text (TT).
When does equivalence occur at the text level?
In fact, zero equivalence rarely occurs at the text level, except in some literary forms as poetry and fairytales. The translator in this case may resort to translation recreation. All in all, equivalence in translation can be measured by a scale that ranges from optimum equivalence to zero equivalence.
How is denotative equivalence related to connotative equivalence?
1.Denotative equivalence is related to equivalence of the extralinguistic content of a text. 2.Connotative equivalence is related to the lexical choices, especially between near-synonyms. 3.Text-normative equivalence is related to text types, with texts behaving in different ways.
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